NCP for Anemia
Nursing Care Plan for Anemia

Anemia

Anemia is a medical condition in which the red blood cell count or hemoglobin is less than normal. The normal level of hemoglobin is generally different in males and females. For men, anemia is typically defined as hemoglobin level of less than 13.5 gram/100ml and in women as hemoglobin of less than 12.0 gram/100ml. These definitions may vary slightly depending on the source and the laboratory reference used.

Anemia Symptoms

Clinical symptoms that appear to reflect dysfunction of various systems in the body such as decrease in physical performance, impaired neurologic (nerve), which is manifested in changes in behavior, anorexia (emaciated body), and abnormal cognitive development in children. Often, too, growth abnormality, epithelial dysfunction, and reduced gastric acidity.

An easy way to know anemia with 5 signs: weak, tired, lethargic, tired, negligent. If it appears five of thesesymptoms, we can be sure a person has anemia. Another symptom is the appearance of sclera (white color on the lower eyelid).

Anemia can cause fatigue, weakness, lack of energy and the head was floating. If the anemia gets worse, can cause a stroke or heart attack.
Source : http://signssymptoms.blogspot.com/2011/04/anemia-symptoms.html

Nursing Assessment for Anemia

Assessment of patients with anemia (Doenges, 1999) include :

1. Activity / rest
   Symptoms :
   fatigue, weakness, general malaise. Lost productivity: a reduction in enthusiasm for work. Low exercise tolerance. The need for sleep and rest more.
   Signs :
   tachycardia / takipnae; dyspnea during work or rest. Lethargy, withdrawn, apathetic, lethargic, and less interested in its surroundings. Muscle weakness, and decreased strength. Ataxia, the body is not upright. Shoulders down, slumped posture, slow, and other signs that indicate fatigue.
2. Circulation
   Symptoms :
   A history of chronic blood loss, such as chronic gastrointestinal bleeding, heavy menstruation, angina, CHF (due to excessive cardiac work). History of chronic infective endocarditis. Palpitations (tachycardia compensation).
   Signs :
   Blood pressure: systolic to diastolic steady improvement, and widening pulse pressure, postural hypotension. Dysrhythmias: ECG abnormality, ST segment depression and T wave leveling or depression; tachycardia. The sound of the heart: systolic murmur. Extremity (color): pale skin and mucous membranes (conjunctiva, mouth, pharynx, lips) and the base of the nail. (Note: in black patients, white may appear to be grayish). Leather like waxy, pale or bright lemon yellow. Sclera: blue or pearly white. Slow capillary filling (decreased blood flow to the capillary and vasoconstriction compensation) nails: easily broken, shaped like a spoon (koilonikia). Hair: dry, easily breaking, thinning, gray hair grow prematurely.
3. Integrity ego
   Symptoms :
   Religious beliefs / cultural influence treatment options, such as refusal of blood transfusions.
   Signs :
   depression.
4. Elimination
   Symptoms :
   A history of pyelonephritis, kidney failure. Flatulen, malabsorption syndrome. Hematemesis, stool with fresh blood, melena. Diarrhea or constipation. Decrease in urine output.
   Signs :
   Abdominal distension.
5. Food / fluid
   Symptoms :
   Decreased dietary input. Painful mouth or tongue, difficulty swallowing (pharyngeal ulcers). Nausea / vomiting, dyspepsia, anorexia. The presence of weight loss. Never satisfied to chew or sensitive to ice, dirt, corn flour, paint, clay, and so forth.
   Signs :
   Tongue looks red meat / subtle deficiency of folic acid and vitamin B12. Dry mucous membranes, pale. Skin turgor: ugly, dry, looks shriveled / lost elasticity. Stomatitis and glositis (deficiency status). Lips: selitis, such as inflammatory lips with the corner of his mouth cracked.
6. Neurosensori
   Symptoms :
   Headache, throbbing, vertigo, tinnitus, inability to concentrate. Insomnia, decreased vision, and shadows on the eyes. Weakness, poor balance, unsteady legs, paresthesias hands / feet; klaudikasi. The sensation of being cold.
   Signs :
   Sensitive to stimuli, anxiety, depression tend to sleep, apathy. Mental: not able to respond, slow and shallow. Ophthalmic: hemoragis retina. Epitaksis: bleeding from the holes (aplastic). Impaired coordination, ataxia, decreased sense of vibration, and position, positive Romberg sign, paralysis.
7. Pain / comfort
   Symptoms: abdominal pain, headache
8. Breathing
   Symptoms :
   A history of tuberculosis, lung abscess. Short of breath at rest and activity.
   Signs :
   Tachypnoea, orthopnea, and dyspnea.
9. Security
   Symptoms :
   A history of work exposure to chemicals,. History of exposure to radiation, either to treatment or accident. History of cancer, cancer therapy. Not tolerant of cold and heat. Previous blood transfusion. Impaired vision, poor wound healing, frequent infections.
   Signs :
   A low fever, chills, night sweats, general lymphadenopathy. Ptekie and ekimosis(aplastic).
10. Sexuality
    Symptoms :
    Changes in menstrual flow, such as menorrhagia or amenorrhea. Lost libido (male and female). Imppoten.
    Signs :
    Pale vaginal walls.

Nursing Diagnosis for Anemia

Nursing Intervention for Anemia

Related Articles :

Nursing Diagnosis For Anemia

Nursing Diagnosis for Anemia

1. Risk of infection related to an inadequate defense, the secondary (decrease in hemoglobin leucopenia, or a decrease in granulocytes (inflammatory response depressed)).
2. Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements related to the failure to digest or inability to digest the food / nutrient absorption necessary for the formation of red blood cells…….

Read More : http://nursing-diagnosis-nanda.blogspot.com/2011/04/nursing-diagnosis-for-anemia.html

Nursing Interventions For Anemia

1. Assess the level of client activity
   Rational: To know the client and the activities undertaken to determine the next intervention.
2. Put the tools needed client
   Rational: To assist clients in meeting their needs.
3. Assist patients in active and passive exercises……..

Read More : Anemia - Definition, Etiology, Clinical Manifestations, Pathophysiology

http://nursinginterventions-diagnosis.blogspot.com/2011/03/nursing-interventions-for-anemia.html

Nursing Diagnosis for Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements related to the frequency of excessive nausea and vomiting.


Nursing Intervention for Hyperemesis Gravidarum

1. Restrict oral intake until the vomiting stops.
Rationale: Maintaining a fluid electrolyte balance and prevent further vomiting.

2. Give the anti-emetic drugs are prescribed.
Rationale: Preventing vomiting and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.

3. Maintain fluid therapy can be saved.
Rationale: Correction of hypovolemia and electrolyte balance.

4. Record intake and output.
Rationale: Determining hydration fluids, and spending through vomiting.

5. Encourage to eat small meals but often
Rational: Can adequate intake of nutrients your body needs.

6. Advise to avoid fatty foods
Rational: fatty foods can stimulate nausea and vomiting.

7. Encourage to eat a snack such as crackers, bread and tea (hot) warm before waking up at noon and before bed.
Rational: snack can reduce or prevent nausea, vomiting, excessive excitatory.

8. Record intake, if oral intake can not be given within a certain period.
Rationale: To maintain a balance of nutrients.

9. Inspection of irritation or Iesi the mouth.
Rational: To know the integrity of the oral mucosa.

10. Review oral hygiene and personal hygiene and the use of oral cleaning fluid as often as possible.
Rationale: To maintain the integrity of the oral mucosa.

11. Monitor hemoglobin levels and Hemotokrit
Rationale: To identify the potential presence of anemia and decreased oxygen-carrying capacity. Clients with Hb levels less than 12 mg / dl or hematocrit levels are low, consider-trimester anemia I.

12. Urine Test against acetone, albumin and glucose ..
Rationale: Establish baseline data; done routinely to detect potential high-risk situations such as inadequate intake of carbohydrates.

13. Measure uterine enlargement
Rationale: Malnutrition mother affects fetal growth and aggravate the decrease in the complement of brain cells in the fetus, resulting in deterioration of fetal development and the possibilities further.

Nursing Diagnosis and Intervention : Imbalanced Nutrition - Less Than Body Requirements for Hyperemesis Gravidarum