Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, most commonly caused by a viral infection. There are five main hepatitis viruses, referred to as types A, B, C, D and E.
Hepatitis A and E are typically caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water. Hepatitis B, C and D usually occur as a result of parenteral contact with infected body fluids (e.g. from blood transfusions or invasive medical procedures using contaminated equipment). Hepatitis B is also transmitted by sexual contact.
The symptoms of hepatitis include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, extreme fatigue, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain.
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Nursing Assessment for Hepatitis
1. Main complaint
No appetite, malaise, fever (more frequent in hepatitis A). Taste stiff, and headache on Hepatitis B.
2. Health Assessment
a. Activity
* Weakness
* Fatigue
* Depression
b. Circulation
* Bradycardia (hiperbilirubin weight)
* Jaundice in the sclera of skin, mucous membranes
c. Elimination
* Dark urine
* Diarrhea stool, color clay
d. Food and Fluids
* Anorexia
* Weight loss
* Nausea and vomiting
* Increased edema
* Ascites
e. Neuro Sensory
* Be sensitive to stimuli
* Tend to sleep
* Lethargy
* Asteriksis
f. Pain / Leisure
* Abdominal Cramps
* Pain hit the right quadrant
* Myalgia
* Atralgia
* Headache
* Itching (pruritus)
g. Security
* Fever
* Urticaria
* Erythema
* Splenomegaly
* Enlarged posterior cervical nodes
Nursing Diagnosis for Hepatitis
- Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements related to anorexia, nausea and vomiting.
- Impaired skin integrity related to pruritis
- Activity Intolerance related to fatigue and generalized malaise
- Acute pain related to the tender, Enlarged liver
- Hyperthermia related to the body's defensive reaction to invading organisms.
- Risk for Infection
Source : http://nandanursingdiagnosis.blogspot.com/2011/05/nursing-diagnosis-for-hepatitis.html
Nursing Intervention for Hepatitis
Nursing Diagnosis for HepatitisActivity Intolerance related to fatigue and generalized malaise.
Expected outcome :
Exhibits increased ability to carry out desired activities and allow sufficient periods for rest and relaxation.
Nursing Intervention for Hepatitis
- Encourage the patient to limit activity when fatigue
- Assist the patient in planning periods of rest and activity when symptoms begin to subside.
- Encourage gradual resumption of activities and mild excercise during recovery.
Abdominal pain related to tender, enlarged liver.
Expected outcome :
Report a decrease or absence of abdominal pain and tenderness;restrict activities if pain occurs;participates in planned activities when free of pain; take prescribed analgesic if necessary.
Nursing Intervention for Hepatitis
- Asses and record presence or absence of abdominal pain or tenderness, hepatomegally and splenomegally.
- Encourage the patient to maintain bedrest or restrict activities if abdominal pain or tenderness is present.
- Administer analgesic as prescribed.
- Notify the physian of sudden occuraence or increase in pain or tenderness.
Source : http://nursinginterventions-diagnosis.blogspot.com/2011/05/nursing-intervention-for-hepatitis.html
